New research led by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) and published in Science Advances shows that lava flows on Venus may be only a few years old, suggesting that the planet could be volcanically active today — making it the only planet in our solar system, other than Earth, with recent eruptions.
Dr. Justin Filiberto, the study’s lead author and a Universities Space Research Association (USRA) staff scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI), said:
“If Venus is indeed active today, it would make a great place to visit to better understand the interiors of planets.
“For example, we could study how planets cool and why the Earth and Venus have active volcanism, but Mars does not. Future missions should be able to see these flows and changes in the surface and provide concrete evidence of its activity.”
Radar imaging from NASA’s Magellan spacecraft in the early 1990s revealed Venus, our neighboring planet, to be a world of volcanoes and extensive lava flows. In the 2000s, the European Space Agency’s (ESA’s) Venus Express orbiter shed new light on volcanism on the planet by measuring the amount of infrared light emitted from part of the planet’s surface (during its nighttime).
Lava flows on Venus
These new data allowed scientists to identify fresh versus altered lava flows on the surface of Venus. However, until recently, the ages of lava eruptions and volcanoes on the planet were not well known because the alteration rate of fresh lava was not well constrained.
This figure shows the volcanic peak Idunn Mons (at 46 degrees south latitude, 214.5 degrees east longitude) in the Imdr Regio area of Venus. The colored overlay shows the heat patterns derived from surface brightness data collected by the Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS), aboard the European Space Agency’s Venus Express spacecraft. (Image: via NASA)
Dr. Filiberto and his colleagues recreated the planet’s hot caustic atmosphere in the laboratory to investigate how the observed Venusian minerals react and change over time. Their experimental results showed that an abundant mineral in basalt — olivine — reacts rapidly with the atmosphere and within weeks becomes coated with the iron oxide minerals magnetite and hematite.
They further found that the Venus Express observations of this change in mineralogy would only take a few years to occur. Thus, the new results by Filiberto and coauthors suggest that these lava flows on the planet are very young, which in turn would imply that the planet does indeed have active volcanoes.
Provided by: Suraiya Farukhi, Universities Space Research Association [Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.]
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