Empress Ma, the wife and wartime comrade of Zhu Yuanzhang, played a pivotal role during times of conflict and upheaval. She adeptly managed logistics and soothed the troops, contributing significantly to their collective victory.
Humility in power
Despite her elevated status after their triumph, Empress Ma remained grounded. Zhu Yuanzhang frequently lauded her resilience and sacrifices in front of his ministers. Learning of this, she remarked to her husband: “While support between spouses is natural, support between a ruler and his subjects is more challenging. If Your Majesty can recall our shared hardships, I hope you also remember the trials faced by your subjects.”
Empress Ma’s temperate influence on the throne
In ancient China, emperors wielded absolute power, often leading to unchecked arrogance. Zhu Yuanzhang, despite his merits, was prone to fits of rage during state affairs. Empress Ma, a calming presence, would observe quietly, later advising him privately to temper his anger. She understood the irreversible consequences of an emperor’s wrath, thus sparing many officials from untimely demise.
Intervening with wisdom
In a notable incident, Guo Jingxiang, a high-ranking official, faced a dire situation when his son was falsely accused of attempting patricide. Zhu, incensed, ordered the son’s execution. Empress Ma intervened, cautioning: “Guo has only this son, and rumors can be misleading. Killing him might end Guo’s lineage.” A subsequent investigation proved the allegations false.
Advocating for judicial fairness
When palace attendants committed offenses, Zhu’s initial reaction was to order their execution. Empress Ma, however, insisted they be tried by the judicial system. When questioned by Zhu, she counseled: “An emperor should not base rewards or punishments on fleeting emotions. In anger, there’s a risk of excessive punishment. Entrusting their fate to the judiciary ensures fair judgment.”
Valuing true treasures
After the Ming Dynasty’s capture of the Yuan capital, treasures were sent to Nanjing, delighting Zhu. Empress Ma, however, offered a sobering perspective: “The Yuan Dynasty possessed these treasures but couldn’t safeguard their realm. Perhaps emperors value different treasures?” Reflecting on her words, Zhu realized: “You imply that the real treasure is talented individuals.” Empress Ma affirmed: “Exactly. From humble beginnings, we have risen to these heights. I worry that complacency breeds downfall. Recruiting talent is essential for the nation’s prosperity.”
Rejecting nepotism
Zhu, seeking to honor his wife, considered appointing her relatives to official positions. Empress Ma opposed this, stating firmly: “Privately granting titles and positions to relatives is unlawful. We must not engage in such practices.”
A legacy of compassion and wisdom
As Empress Ma battled a serious illness, Zhu sought the best medical care. Yet, she expressed concern: “Life and death are predestined. Should the treatment fail, will the doctor be blamed?” Even in her final moments, Empress Ma worried about her husband’s tendency to punish innocents, showcasing her remarkable character.
Translated article
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