In ancient China, tolerance and humility were often regarded as the highest virtues in self-cultivation and interpersonal relationships. These traits were not viewed as signs of weakness or blind obedience, but rather as powerful tools for fostering respect and building character. Those who could endure humiliation with grace and introspection were often the ones who earned lasting admiration. Throughout history, virtuous officials demonstrated remarkable patience, even in the face of public ridicule. Their stories continue to inspire respect for the values of humility and broad-mindedness.
Zhang Shizhi: Humility in action
Zhang Shizhi, a renowned official during the Western Han Dynasty, held the prestigious position of Chief Justice. One day, as officials gathered in the court, an elderly recluse named Wang Sheng turned to Zhang and said: “My sock has come undone. Please tie it for me.” Without hesitation, Zhang knelt and carefully tied Wang’s sock.
Later, someone asked Wang why he had publicly humiliated Zhang in this manner. Wang replied: “I have nothing to offer Zhang. By making him kneel and tie my sock, I hoped to elevate his reputation even further.” Upon hearing this, people praised Wang for his wisdom, but they also respected Zhang even more for his remarkable humility and endurance.
Zhang’s actions showed that authentic leadership lies not in power or status, but in the ability to stay calm, humble, and self-reflective under pressure. His willingness to endure such a public test of his character left a lasting legacy, cementing his name in the annals of history.
Li Wenjing: Calm under criticism
Another figure who embodied these virtues was Li Wenjing, Prime Minister during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty. Once, an arrogant scholar blocked his horse in the street and handed him a letter full of criticisms of his governance. Instead of reacting angrily or indignantly, Li humbly accepted the letter, saying: “I will read it thoroughly when I have time.”
However, the scholar, displeased with Li’s calm demeanor, began to shout and insult him further, accusing him of hindering the nation’s progress and refusing to step aside for more capable individuals. Maintaining his composure, Li responded humbly: “I have requested to retire several times, but the emperor has not granted my request.” Despite the harsh criticism, Li never displayed anger, understanding that accepting one’s faults was the path to improvement.
Lou Shide: Tolerance without seeking recognition
During the Tang Dynasty, Lou Shide was another exemplary official known for his tolerance and modesty. His demeanor was so mild that, even when offended, he remained unshaken. Once, before his brother departed to guard a distant region, Lou advised him to practice tolerance in all circumstances. His brother replied: “If someone spits in my face, I won’t be angry; I’ll just wipe it off.” Lou, however, shook his head and said: “No, wiping it off will only make them angrier. Let the spit dry on its own.”
Lou’s humility extended beyond his personal dealings. He also quietly recommended talented individuals to the court without seeking credit. One of his recommendations was Di Renjie, who would later become the Prime Minister. However, once in office, Di harbored disdain for Lou and relegated him to a lesser position. Lou accepted the post without complaint.
When Emperor Wu Zetian later asked Di what he thought of Lou’s character and abilities, Di dismissed Lou as a capable border guard, unaware of Lou’s pivotal role Lou in his own rise to power. Wu Zetian revealed that Lou had recommended him, leaving Di in awe of Lou’s virtue. Di’s realization that Lou had silently supported him without expecting recognition inspired him to change his approach and seek out talented individuals for the empire.
Conclusion: Virtue above all
These stories of Zhang Shizhi, Li Wenjing, and Lou Shide remind us that true strength lies in tolerance and humility. Ancient Chinese leaders who could endure public ridicule or unfair treatment without anger or retaliation were admired for their character. Their ability to reflect on their actions, accept criticism, and recommend others without seeking recognition demonstrated a level of virtue that left a lasting legacy. As the saying goes: “Endure a moment of anger, and you will enjoy a lifetime of peace.”
Translated by Joseph Wu
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