Exercise training while wearing a weighted vest is undergoing somewhat of a renaissance. Social media posts and trainers are promoting them as a potential strategy for improving fitness and health.
Exercising with additional weight attached to the body is nothing new. This idea has been used with soldiers for many centuries, if not millennia — think long hikes with a heavy pack.
The modern weighted vest comes in a range of designs that are more comfortable and can be adjusted in terms of the weight added. But could one be helpful for you?
What the research says
One of the earliest research studies, reported in 1993, followed 36 older people wearing weighted vests during a weekly exercise class and at home over a 20-week period. Wear was associated with improvements in bone health, pain, and physical function.
Since then, dozens of papers have evaluated the exercise effects of wearing a weighted vest, reporting a range of benefits.
Not surprisingly, exercise with a weighted vest increases physiological stress — or how hard the body has to work — as shown by increased oxygen uptake, heart rate, carbohydrate utilization, and energy expenditure.
Adding weight equal to 10 percent of body weight is effective. But it doesn’t appear the body works significantly harder when wearing 5 percent extra weight compared to body weight alone.
Does more load mean greater injury risk?
A small 2021 study suggested additional weights don’t alter the biomechanics of walking or running. These are important considerations for lower-limb injury risk.
The safety considerations of exercising with weighted vests have also been reported in a biomechanical study of treadmill running with added weight of 1 percent to 10 percent of body weight.
While physiological demand (indicated by heart rate) was higher with additional weight and the muscular forces greater, running motion was not negatively affected.
To date, no research studies have reported increased injuries due to wearing weighted vests for recreational exercise. However, a 2018 clinical study on weight loss in people with obesity found back pain in 25 percent of those wearing such vests. Whether this can be translated to recreational use in people who don’t have obesity is difficult to say. As always, if pain or discomfort is experienced, then you should reduce the weight or stop vest training.
Better for weight loss or bone health?
While wearing a weighted vest increases the energy expenditure of aerobic and resistance exercise, research to show it leads to greater fat loss or retaining muscle mass is somewhat inconclusive.
One older study investigated treadmill walking for 30 minutes, three times a week in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The researchers found greater fat loss and muscle gain in the participants who wore a weighted vest (at 4-8 percent body weight). However, subsequent research on obese older adults could not show greater fat loss in participants who wore weighted vests for an average of 6.7 hours per day.
There has been considerable interest in the use of weighted vests to improve bone health in older people. One 2003 study reported significant improvements in bone density in a group of older women over 32 weeks of weighted vest walking and strength training compared to a sedentary control group.
However, a 2012 study found no difference in bone metabolism between groups of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis walking on a treadmill with or without a weighted vest.
Making progress
As with any exercise, there is a risk of injury if it is not done correctly. However, the risk of weighted vest training appears low and can be managed with appropriate exercise progression and technique.
If you are new to training, then the priority should be to simply start exercising and not complicate it with wearing a weighted vest. The use of body weight alone will be sufficient to get you on the path to considerable gains in fitness.
Once you have a good foundation of strength, aerobic fitness, and resilience for muscles, joints, and bones, using a weighted vest could provide greater loading intensity, as well as variation.
It is important to start with a lighter weight (such as 5 percent body weight) and build to no more than 10 percent body weight for ground impact exercises such as running, jogging, or walking.
For resistance training such as squats, push-ups, or chin-ups, progression can be achieved by increasing loads and adjusting the number of repetitions for each set to around 10 to 15. So heavier loads but fewer repetitions, then building up to increase the load over time.
While weighted vests can be used for resistance training, it is probably easier and more convenient to use barbells, dumbbells, kettlebells, or weighted bags.
The bottom line
Weighted vest training is just one tool in an absolute plethora of equipment, techniques, and systems. Yes, walking or jogging with around 10 percent extra body weight increases energy expenditure and intensity. But training for a little bit longer or at a higher intensity can achieve similar results.
There may be benefits for bone health in wearing a weighted vest during ground-based exercise, such as walking or jogging. But similar or greater stimulus to bone growth can be achieved by resistance training or even the introduction of impact training, such as hopping, skipping, or bounding.
Exercising with a weighted vest likely won’t increase your injury risk. However, it must be approached intelligently considering fitness level, existing and previous injuries, and appropriate progression for intensity and repetition.
Rob Newton, Professor of Exercise Medicine, Edith Cowan University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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