From August 2023, Australian beer, wine, spirits, and pre-mixed drinks have to warn of the harms of drinking alcohol while pregnant. But they don’t have to mention the other harms to the wider population.
Ireland recently signed legislation to introduce tougher warning labels, to warn about the risks of liver disease and fatal cancers from drinking alcohol. These will be in place from 2026.
Considering the ongoing efforts of the industry to undermine the introduction of effective labeling worldwide, the Irish example is an important victory for public health.
In Australia, it’s time to put consumer health and rights before commercial interests and warn people drinking and buying alcohol of the risks.
Educating consumers about the health risks
Alcohol causes more than 200 diseases, injuries, and other health conditions.
There is strong evidence that from the first drink, the risk of various cancers (of the breast, liver, colon, rectum, oropharynx, larynx, and esophagus) increases. This is because:
- ethanol (pure alcohol) and its toxic by-product acetaldehyde damages cells by binding with DNA, causing cells to replicate incorrectly
- alcohol influences hormone levels, which can modify how cells grow and divide
- direct tissue damage can occur, increasing the absorption of other cancer-causing substances.
Alcohol use kills more than four Australians a day (the highest rate in the past decade) and results in A$182 [US$123.5] million of avoidable costs per day.
Yet only half of Australians know drinking can cause cancer.
Research shows mandatory health labeling is an important way to increase awareness and should form part of a comprehensive alcohol control strategy.
Countering industry influence
The industry currently uses labels and packaging as marketing and branding tools. Warning labels help counter these marketing messages.
Industry interests have so far succeeded in exempting alcoholic drinks from the usual consumer information requirements. Under the international labeling guidelines, all processed foods must have all ingredients listed on the label. But industry interests have so far succeeded in these rules not being applied to alcoholic beverages.
In Australia, the alcohol content and the number of standard drinks must be listed on the product’s label. However, there is no requirement, as for other foods and drinks, that ingredients (except for certain allergens such as milk or gluten) and nutritional information (energy, carbohydrates, and so on) be listed.
Aside from warnings to pregnant women to abstain from drinking, there is no provision for consumer information about the risks of consumption on packaging. Yet such warnings are required for other hazardous substances taken into the body, such as tobacco.
How Ireland is leading the charge
Ireland is leading the world with its labeling. From 2026, drinks containing alcohol will have to inform consumers about the specific risks of liver disease and fatal cancers.
Labels will also have to notify buyers of the risks to pregnancy, the calorie content of the beverage, and the number of grams of alcohol it contains.
The new labeling move demonstrates the government has prioritized reducing alcohol-related disease and has widespread support. A recent household survey in Ireland found 81.9 percent of the more than 1,000 participants supported the introduction of health warning labels.
Barriers to overcome in Australia
In 2020, in the face of intense pressure from industry groups, the Australian government decided on new labeling requirements for alcoholic beverages, but only to warn about the risks of drinking during pregnancy. From a public health point of view, this was a mediocre compromise.
Australia is currently considering introducing energy content (kilojoule) labeling on alcoholic beverages. This would be a positive step and but it is as far as Australia seems willing to go for now. There are no plans for Australia to follow Ireland’s lead.
Some countries seem to be gearing up to use the World Trade Organization’s processes to oppose Ireland’s new labels.
Australia previously opposed the enhanced warning labels Thailand proposed, at the same time Australia was seeking international support for its tobacco plain packaging laws. This time, Australia should prioritize the public’s health over commercial interests and support Ireland’s alcohol warning messages in the World Trade Organization.
Emmanuel Kuntsche, Director of the Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University; Paula O’Brien, Associate Professor in Faculty of Law, The University of Melbourne, and Robin Room, Professor, Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
