Those tiny yet formidable creatures known as mosquitoes have plagued humankind for centuries. With their itchy bites and the potential health risks they carry, it’s no wonder that mosquito bites and mosquito repellents are hot topics of discussion.
Mosquitoes are most active during dawn and dusk when the weather is cooler and the humidity is higher. They are typically found near areas with stagnant water, such as ponds, lakes, and even small containers in your backyard. Mosquitoes have specialized mouthparts that allow them to pierce the skin and extract blood without causing much pain.
If you are an outdoorsy person, you will want to read this and explore the nuisances of mosquito bites and the effectiveness of different mosquito repellents.
The science behind mosquito bites
To survive and reproduce, mosquitoes need to feed on human and animal blood. Female mosquitoes require the protein found in blood to develop their eggs. They have a keen sense of smell and are attracted to carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and certain chemical compounds in sweat. When they detect these substances, they are drawn toward their potential hosts.
Mosquito saliva contains various compounds, including anticoagulants, enzymes, and proteins. The anticoagulants prevent your blood from clotting, ensuring a steady flow for the mosquito to feed.
However, bodies recognize these foreign substances as threats and trigger an immune response, leading to the characteristic swelling and itching associated with mosquito bites.
What is Skeeter syndrome?
Skeeter syndrome is an allergic reaction to mosquito bites that affect some individuals. It is characterized by more pronounced symptoms compared to regular mosquito bites. People with Skeeter syndrome experience intense swelling, redness, and itching that can extend beyond the bite site. In severe cases, individuals may develop flu-like symptoms, such as fever and fatigue.
Symptoms of Skeeter syndrome may include swelling, blistering, and a generalized rash. Individuals may sometimes experience difficulty breathing or swallowing, requiring immediate medical attention.
Mosquito-borne diseases
Mosquito-borne diseases are infections caused by pathogens, such as viruses or parasites, transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. These diseases are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquitoes thrive. Here are some examples of mosquito-borne diseases:
Malaria
Malaria is one of the most well-known mosquito-borne diseases, responsible for millions of cases and deaths yearly. Patients of malaria present with symptoms like fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches. Without prompt treatment, it can lead to severe complications and even death.
Dengue fever
Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, dengue fever has become a significant public health concern in many parts of the world. Symptoms include a high fever, a severe headache, joint and muscle pain, and a characteristic skin rash.
In severe cases, dengue fever may develop into dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening.
Zika virus
Zika virus gained global attention in recent years due to its association with severe congenital disabilities, particularly microcephaly. Aedes mosquitoes primarily transmit it, and the infection can also spread through sexual contact and from mother to child during pregnancy. Patients with Zika virus present with symptoms like fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis.
Preventing mosquito bites
Preventing mosquito bites is crucial in avoiding discomfort and potential health risks associated with these insects. Here are some effective strategies:
- Use insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, lemon, or eucalyptus oil
- Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks when spending time outdoors
- Avoid outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours
- Eliminate stagnant water sources around your home
- Install screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out
- Use electronic repellents that emit ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves to repel mosquitoes
Natural ways to repel mosquitoes
If you prefer natural alternatives to chemical repellents, there are several options available:
Citronella
Derived from certain types of grass, citronella can be used as candles, torches, or essential oil diffusers to repel mosquitoes.
Lemon or eucalyptus oil
This natural oil is as effective as DEET in repelling mosquitoes.
Neem oil
Extracted from the seeds of the neem tree, apply neem oil to your skin or use neem-based products to repel mosquitoes.
Lavender
Plant lavender in your garden, or use lavender oil to deter mosquitoes.
Garlic
Consuming garlic can make your body produce a scent that repels mosquitoes.
DIY mosquito repellent recipe
If you prefer making your mosquito repellent, here’s a simple recipe:
What you’ll need:
- 10 drops of lemon or eucalyptus essential oil
- 10 drops of lavender essential oil
- 10 drops of tea tree essential oil
- 4 ounces of witch hazel or rubbing alcohol
Procedure:
1. Mix all the essential oil in a small spray bottle.
2. Add witch hazel or rubbing alcohol to the bottle and shake well.
3. Apply the repellent to exposed skin before going outdoors.
Stay bug-free outdoors
Mosquito bites can be a significant annoyance causing itching, discomfort, and potential health risks. Minimize exposure to these blood-thirsty insects by understanding the mechanisms behind mosquito bites and using effective mosquito repellents.
Remember to choose a repellent that suits your needs, follow the instructions for safe usage, and take additional precautions in areas with prevalent mosquito-borne diseases.
