A large study published in the medical journal JAMA Network Open suggests that living with pets may counter the decline of cognitive skills and dementia that tend to afflict people as they age.
Cognitive decline represents a significant public health issue globally. The World Health Organization reports that dementia affects over 55 million people, predominantly in low and mid-income countries. Furthermore, as life expectancy rises around the world, the number of new cases exceeds 10 million annually.
Impact of age on mental ability
The natural aging process often brings about a decline in both physical and mental capacities. Research indicates that with advancing age, individuals typically experience reductions in memory, verbal fluency, and cognitive processing speed.
The incidence of dementia has seen a continuous increase since the 1990s, a trend attributed in part to the overall extension of lifespans. Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for the majority of dementia cases — between 60 and 70 percent — remains the most widespread form. While there is no current cure to fully reverse the effects of dementia, ongoing scientific exploration is progressively unveiling how lifestyle choices and other factors may influence cognitive health.
How loneliness contributes to mental decline and dementia
With younger individuals often relocating for better opportunities, an increasing number of older adults find themselves living in isolation. This solitude can intensify their vulnerability to mental health challenges like anxiety and depression, particularly for those who have recently lost a spouse. Depression, especially when it occurs in later life, is recognized by researchers as a significant factor contributing to the development of dementia.
Furthermore, the experience of living alone is closely linked to loneliness, a condition recent studies suggest may elevate the risk of dementia. The exact nature of the connection between loneliness and cognitive decline, however, remains unclear to scientists.
Pet ownership and cognitive health
The ELSA study provides compelling evidence on the role of pets in supporting cognitive health among older adults, particularly those living alone. This research highlights that pet ownership can slow the decline in key cognitive functions, such as verbal fluency and memory, which are critical indicators of cognitive health. Older individuals who share their lives with pets tend to maintain better cognitive function compared to those without pets, illustrating the tangible benefits of companionship.
This companionship is crucial in mitigating the effects of loneliness, a known risk factor for dementia. The presence of a pet offers more than just company; it encourages social interaction, whether through walks in the park or visits to the vet, fostering a sense of connection and community. Furthermore, the daily routines involved in pet care, such as feeding and exercise, not only instill a sense of responsibility but also promote physical activity and engagement with the outside world, contributing to both mental and physical well-being.
Additionally, the routine and responsibility associated with pet care can contribute to better sleep patterns among pet owners. Given the link between sleep quality and cognitive decline, this aspect of pet ownership further underscores its potential in supporting cognitive health.
Is it too late to get a pet?
Pets may help counter cognitive decline in older people, but experts advise against getting a pet for someone who already has dementia. Dr. Richard Isaacson, research director at the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease in Florida, advises that people assess the situation before buying a pet for their loved ones.
“One caution I would say is that if a person who lives alone already has cognitive impairment, or physical limitations such as balance or vision problems, it wouldn’t generally be advisable for that person to adopt a pet to slow down their brain aging,” Isaacson told CNN.
Caring for a pet is not an easy job, and if that person lives alone, it becomes even more difficult.
