Emperor Yao (2377-2259 B.C.), one of the revered Five Emperors of ancient China, is celebrated for his wisdom and deep care for his people. When his ministers proposed building a magnificent palace to showcase imperial grandeur, Emperor Yao had a different idea.
Rather than indulging in luxury, Emperor Yao led his ministers to the mountains, where they gathered wood and straw to construct a series of modest thatched cottages. These served as both his residence and a hall for state affairs.
When his ministers expressed concerns that such simplicity might undermine his imperial dignity, Emperor Yao replied: “People are suffering. Building a lavish palace would only add to their hardships. What dignity is there for a ruler who burdens his people? A true leader should ease their suffering.”
Sharing hardships with his people
Emperor Yao’s compassion extended beyond symbolic gestures. On one of his travels to inspect the lives of his people, he encountered a weak and hungry man lying by the roadside. Emperor Yao handed the man his own provisions, saying: “Eat this. It is my fault that you suffer from hunger.”
The emperor then instructed his ministers to distribute portions of their own rations to those in need. When asked how he would manage with less food, Emperor Yao responded: “I can eat less and supplement my meals with wild vegetables.” Inspired by his example, the ministers followed suit, sharing their food with those in distress.
Empathy for the powerless
During another visit, the emperor came across a cave dwelling where a young woman refused to open the door. Her father, arriving home with firewood, explained why: “My daughter has no trousers to wear.”
Overcome with emotion, Emperor Yao handed the father a pair of trousers from his own belongings. The father hesitated to accept such a gift from the emperor, but Emperor Yao insisted: “It is my failing as a ruler that your family lacks the basic necessities. Please take them.”
This act of humility deeply moved the family and those around them.
Taking responsibility for societal flaws
Emperor Yao also confronted crime with understanding and accountability. In one town, he saw a man tied up and displayed as punishment for stealing grain. When the emperor learned that the man had resorted to theft due to drought, he declared: “Bind me as well, for I have failed to govern wisely and provide for my people.”
Though his ministers protested, Emperor Yao stood by his words, insisting that a leader is ultimately responsible for their people’s struggles. His sincerity moved onlookers, prompting others to confess past misdeeds voluntarily, seeking redemption.
Encouraging open criticism
Upon returning to his palace, Emperor Yao took further steps to improve governance. He issued a “self-blame edict,” acknowledging his shortcomings and inviting the public to critique his rule. To facilitate this, he placed a “Drum of Counsel” at the left of the palace gate, where citizens could sound it to offer advice. He installed a “Pole of Criticism” on the right side, allowing people to voice their grievances openly.
These measures showcased Emperor Yao’s dedication to transparency and accountability, earning him widespread admiration and trust.
A legacy of benevolence
Through his humility, compassion, and willingness to take responsibility, Emperor Yao transformed the lives of his people. His efforts to address their needs and prioritize their well-being led to an era of prosperity and gratitude. The people revered him not for his imperial authority, but for his genuine love and care for them.
Emperor Yao’s story reminds us that true leadership lies in serving others, acknowledging faults, and striving for the greater good. His legacy continues to inspire as a timeless example of benevolent governance.
Translated by Joseph Wu
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