Liu Anshi, also known by his courtesy name Qizhi, was a renowned minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was celebrated for his fearless and candid advice, which earned him the nickname “Tiger of the Court.”
A scholar’s path to integrity
In his youth, Liu Anshi studied under the famous historian and politician Sima Guang. Seeking guidance on self-cultivation, Sima Guang advised him to start with sincerity, emphasizing the importance of avoiding deceit. Liu Anshi adhered strictly to this principle, maintaining discipline even in his private life, sitting upright for long periods, writing neatly, and avoiding indulgence in luxuries. His loyalty, filial piety, and integrity closely mirrored those of his mentor.
Consulting his mother before accepting office
When Liu Anshi was appointed as a censor, an official tasked with providing frank advice to the emperor, he did not immediately accept. Instead, he sought his mother’s counsel, explaining the potential risks of offending powerful figures. He suggested declining the position to avoid future persecution, citing his duty to support his parents.
However, his mother encouraged him to accept, reminding him that his father had long aspired to such a role, but he never had the opportunity. She urged him to serve the country and promised to accompany him into exile if necessary. This support dispelled Liu’s doubts, and he accepted the appointment, committing himself to uphold justice in the court.
Fearless in the face of power
Liu Anshi’s unwavering honesty marked his tenure as a censor. He would often speak out boldly in the court, even at the risk of angering the emperor. On one occasion, after inciting the emperor’s wrath with his frank remarks, he stood quietly until the emperor calmed down, then resumed his advice. He earned the admiration and fear of his peers for his courage and stature, which gave him the appearance and voice of a commanding figure.
Surviving an assassination plot
Liu Anshi’s boldness eventually led to his exile in Meizhou, as he angered powerful ministers such as Zhang Dun and Cai Bian. They plotted to have him killed by appointing a local tyrant as the transport commissioner. When informed of the impending threat, Liu remained unshaken, continuing his daily routines and preparing for the worst with composed acceptance.
Miraculously, the assassin died of a sudden illness before reaching Meizhou, sparing Liu Anshi’s life. It was believed that his selflessness and unwavering integrity had earned him divine protection.
Legacy and enduring respect
Many of Liu Anshi’s contemporaries had passed away in his later years, yet his reputation only grew stronger. The eunuch Liang Shicheng, one of the era’s most notorious figures, sought to gain Liu’s favor by offering him significant power. Liu politely declined, expressing his wish to remain faithful to his principles until the end, aspiring to face Sima Guang in the afterlife with honor.
Two years after Liu Anshi’s death, the Northern Song Dynasty fell to the Jin invaders. When they exhumed his grave, they found Liu’s body remarkably well-preserved, which they took as a sign of his exceptional character, prompting them to respectfully reinter his remains.
By presenting Liu Anshi’s life and principles, we honor a figure whose unwavering integrity and bravery continue to inspire.
Translated by Joseph Wu
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