Han Qi (1008-1075) was born into a distinguished family of officials. Renowned for his honesty, humility, and generosity, His legacy as a military leader and statesman continues to inspire admiration. Serving under three emperors during the Northern Song Dynasty — Emperor Renzong, Emperor Yingzong, and Emperor Shenzong — he exemplified loyalty, diligence, and principled governance.
Upholding responsibilities amidst challenges
As a high-ranking minister, Han Qi was entrusted with critical responsibilities, including overseeing the imperial treasury during times of political upheaval. When colleagues warned him of the personal risks involved, he remained steadfast. He famously declared: “As a loyal servant, I must do my utmost to serve my ruler. Success or failure lies in heaven’s hands. Should we stop doing our duty for fear of potential failure?” His unwavering commitment to duty earned him widespread respect.
Han Qi also played a pivotal role in military affairs, collaborating with Fan Zhongyan to defend the Northern Song’s borders against Western Xia. His strategic acumen and dedication ensured long-lasting stability for the empire.
A compassionate and just leader
Han Qi’s leadership extended beyond his administrative duties to his interactions with subordinates. One notable incident occurred while he was stationed in Dingzhou. When Han Qi was in Dingzhou, he asked one of his soldiers to stand beside him with a candle to illuminate his writing at night. The soldier holding the candle accidentally set fire to Han Qi’s hair. Instead of reacting angrily, Han Qi calmly extinguished the flames and continued his work. Concerned that the soldier might be punished, he reassured the officials, saying: “Do not replace him; he has now learned how to hold the candle properly.” Such magnanimity earned him the deep respect and admiration of his troops.
Another story highlights Han Qi’s measured approach to accidents. While hosting a banquet, an attendant accidentally broke two prized jade cups. Han Qi reacted with composure and wisdom: “All material things have their destined end.” He reassured the attendant, emphasizing that the mistake was unintentional and required no punishment. His guests were deeply moved by his graciousness.
Navigating political intricacies with wisdom
During Emperor Renzong’s reign, Han Qi’s principled approach to governance came to the forefront. At just 30 years old, he boldly impeached four senior ministers for their negligence, leading to their removal from office. This act solidified his reputation as a fearless and capable reformer.
Han Qi also demonstrated remarkable diplomatic skill in resolving tensions between Emperor Yingzong and Empress Dowager Cao, who served as regent due to the emperor’s poor health. By praising each party’s virtues to the other, Han Qi fostered reconciliation and ensured a harmonious transition of power. His efforts to secure stable leadership culminated in selecting Emperor Shenzong as Yingzong’s successor, further preserving the dynasty’s stability.
A life guided by humility and faith in the divine
Han Qi’s philosophy was rooted in humility and a deep sense of duty. Despite his monumental contributions to the state, he remained modest, attributing his successes to divine providence rather than personal ability. “I have faced life-and-death challenges with loyalty and courage. That I survived and accomplished my duties is due to heaven’s support, not my own capabilities,” he once reflected.
Throughout his life, Han Qi held himself to the highest moral standards while treating others with generosity and understanding. His dedication to justice, integrity, and harmony earned him the unwavering respect of emperors and commoners alike. He passed away at the age of 67 and was honored posthumously with a place in Emperor Yingzong’s ancestral temple — a testament to his enduring legacy.
Translated by Audrey Wang
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